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of particular note

  • 1 note

    n. 1. тэмдэглэл. 2. бичиг, зурвас. 3. нот бичиг. 4. тайлбар, зүүлт. 5. цаасан мөнгө. 6. хөгжмийн ноот. 7. хөгжмийн даруул. 8. өнгө, аяс. 9. анхаарал. compare notes санал бодлоо солилцох. of note онцгой, гоц, гойд. Nothing of particular \note happened. Сүйдтэй юм болсонгүй. make a note of тэмдэглэх, бичиж авах. take note of анхааралдаа авах. v. анхаарах, ажиглах. note sth down бичиж/ тэмдэглэж авах. noted adj. \note (for/ as sth) нэртэй, алдартай. notelet n. тэмдэглэл хийх/ зурвас бичих цаас. noteworthy adj. гайхамшигтай, анхаарууштай, тэмдэглүүштэй.

    English-Mongolian dictionary > note

  • 2 Note

    f; -, -n
    1. PÄD. mark, bes. Am. grade
    2. MUS. note; ganze Note semibreve, Am. whole note; halbe Note minim, Am. half note; Noten Koll. music Sg.; Blätter: sheet music; nach Noten singen sing from music, Am. auch sight-sing; er kennt oder kann keine Noten he can’t read music; das ging ja wie nach Noten umg., hum. it went without a hitch; er hat ihn nach Noten verprügelt umg. he beat him up good and proper
    3. POL. memorandum (Pl. memoranda oder memorandums)
    4. (Prägung) touch, note; eine besondere / persönliche Note verleihen add a special / personal touch (+ Dat to); das ist seine persönliche Note that’s his particular way of doing things, that’s his (personal) trademark
    5. meist Pl.; WIRTS. Banknote
    * * *
    die Note
    (Benotung) mark; grade;
    (Eigenart) touch;
    (Geldschein) banknote; note; bill;
    (Musik) note
    * * *
    No|te ['noːtə]
    f -, -n
    1) (MUS) note
    2) pl music

    Nóten lesen — to read music

    nach Nóten spielen/singen —

    nach Nóten (fig inf) — thoroughly

    3) (SCH) mark

    jdm/einer Sache gute/schlechte Nóten geben — to give sb/sth good/bad marks

    4) (POL) note
    5) (= Banknote) (bank)note, bill (US)
    6) no pl (= Eigenart) (in Bezug auf Gespräch, Brief etc) note; (in Bezug auf Beziehungen, Atmosphäre) tone, character; (in Bezug auf Einrichtung, Kleidung) touch

    das ist meine persönliche Nóte — that's my trademark

    eine persönliche Nóte verleihen — to give sth a personal touch

    ein Parfüm mit einer herben Nóte — a perfume with something tangy about it or with a tangy quality

    7) (SPORT) mark
    * * *
    die
    1) (a mark for, or level in, an examination etc: He always got good grades at school.) grade
    2) (a written statement about a particular matter, often passed around between colleagues: a memorandum on Thursday's meeting.) memorandum
    3) (a written or printed symbol representing a musical note.) note
    * * *
    No·te
    <-, -n>
    [ˈno:tə]
    f
    1. (musikalisches Zeichen) note; (Notentext) music, notes pl
    ganze/halbe \Note semibreve/minim
    \Noten lesen to read music
    nach \Noten at sight
    [wie] nach \Noten thoroughly, with a vengeance
    2. (Zensur) mark, grade; (Punkt) point
    3. JUR (förmliche Mitteilung) note
    eine diplomatische \Note a note
    4. FIN (Banknote) [bank]note
    5. kein pl (Duftnote) fragrance
    6. kein pl (Eigenart) special character, stamp
    * * *
    die; Note, Noten
    1) (Zeichen) note

    eine ganze/halbe Note — a crotchet/quaver (Brit.); a whole note/half note (Amer.)

    2) Plural (Text) music sing.

    nach/ohne Noten spielen — play from/without music

    3) (SchulNote) mark
    4) (Eislauf, Turnen) score
    5) (Dipl.) note
    6) o. Pl. (Flair) touch
    * * *
    Note f; -, -n
    1. SCHULE mark, besonders US grade
    2. MUS note;
    ganze Note semibreve, US whole note;
    halbe Note minim, US half note;
    Noten koll music sg; Blätter: sheet music;
    nach Noten singen sing from music, US auch sight-sing;
    kann keine Noten he can’t read music;
    das ging ja wie nach Noten umg, hum it went without a hitch;
    er hat ihn nach Noten verprügelt umg he beat him up good and proper
    3. POL memorandum (pl memoranda oder memorandums)
    4. (Prägung) touch, note;
    eine besondere/persönliche Note verleihen add a special/personal touch (+dat to);
    das ist seine persönliche Note that’s his particular way of doing things, that’s his (personal) trademark
    5. meist pl; WIRTSCH → Banknote
    * * *
    die; Note, Noten
    1) (Zeichen) note

    eine ganze/halbe Note — a crotchet/quaver (Brit.); a whole note/half note (Amer.)

    2) Plural (Text) music sing.

    nach/ohne Noten spielen — play from/without music

    3) (SchulNote) mark
    4) (Eislauf, Turnen) score
    5) (Dipl.) note
    6) o. Pl. (Flair) touch
    * * *
    -n f.
    memorandum n.
    (§ pl.: memorandums, or: memoranda)
    note n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Note

  • 3 note that Theorem 1 in particular contains the two cases when

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > note that Theorem 1 in particular contains the two cases when

  • 4 Usage note : by

    When by is used with a passive verb, it is translated by par:
    he was killed by a tiger
    = il a été tué par un tigre
    she was horrified by the news
    = elle a été horrifiée par la nouvelle
    For particular usages, see the entry by.
    When by is used with a present participle to mean by means of, it is translated by en:
    she learned French by listening to the radio
    = elle a appris le français en écoutant la radio
    For particular usages, see the entry by.
    When by is used with a noun to mean by means of or using, it is translated by par:
    by telephone
    = par téléphone
    to hold something by the handle
    = tenir quelque chose par la poignée
    Note, however:
    to travel by bus/train/plane
    = voyager en bus/train/avion
    In time expressions by is translated by avant:
    it must be finished by Friday
    = il faut que ce soit fini avant vendredi
    For particular usages, see the entry by.
    by often appears as the second element in phrasal verbs (get by, put by, stand by etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (get, put, stand etc.).
    For translations of fixed phrases and expressions such as to learn something by heart, to deliver something by hand etc. consult the appropriate noun entry (heart, hand etc.).
    For all other uses of by see the entry by.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : by

  • 5 Usage note : for

    When for is used as a preposition, followed by a noun or pronoun, it is translated by pour:
    for my sister
    = pour ma sœur
    for the garden
    = pour le jardin
    for me
    = pour moi
    For particular usages see the entry for.
    When for is used as a preposition indicating purpose followed by a verb it is translated by pour + infinitive:
    for cleaning windows
    = pour nettoyer les vitres
    When for is used in the construction to be + adjective + for + pronoun + infinitive the translation in French is être + indirect pronoun + adjective + de + infinitive:
    it’s impossible for me to stay
    = il m’est impossible de rester
    it was hard for him to understand that…
    = il lui était difficile de comprendre que…
    it will be difficult for her to accept the changes
    = il lui sera difficile d’accepter les changements
    For the construction to be waiting for sb to do see the entry wait.
    For particular usages see the entry for.
    In time expressions
    for is used in English after a verb in the progressive present perfect tense to express the time period of something that started in the past and is still going on. To express this French uses a verb in the present tense + depuis:
    I have been waiting for three hours (and I am still waiting)
    = j’attends depuis trois heures
    we’ve been together for two years (and we’re still together)
    = nous sommes ensemble depuis deux ans
    When for is used in English after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the imperfect + depuis:
    I had been waiting for two hours (and was still waiting)
    = j’attendais depuis deux heures
    for is used in English negative sentences with the present perfect tense to express the time that has elapsed since something has happened. To express this, French uses the same tense as English (the perfect) + depuis:
    I haven’t seen him for ten years (and I still haven’t seen him)
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis dix ans
    In spoken French, there is another way of expressing this: ça fait or il y a dix ans que je ne l’ai pas vu.
    When for is used in English in negative sentences after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the past perfect + depuis:
    I hadn’t seen him for ten years
    = je ne l’avais pas vu depuis dix ans, or (in spoken French) ça faisait or il y avait dix ans que je ne l’avais pas vu
    for is used in English after the preterite to express the time period of something that happened in the past and is no longer going on. Here French uses the present perfect + pendant:
    last Sunday I gardened for two hours
    = dimanche dernier, j’ai jardiné pendant deux heures
    for is used in English after the present progressive tense or the future tense to express an anticipated time period in the future. Here French uses the present or the future tense + pour:
    I’m going to Rome for six weeks
    = je vais à Rome pour six semaines
    I will go to Rome for six weeks
    = j’irai à Rome pour six semaines
    Note, however, that when the verb to be is used in the future with for to emphasize the period of time, French uses the future + pendant:
    I will be in Rome for six weeks
    = je serai à Rome pendant six semaines
    he will be away for three days
    = il sera absent pendant trois jours
    For particular usages see A13, 14, 15 and 16 in the entry for.
    for is often used in English to form a structure with nouns, adjectives and verbs (weakness for, eager for, apply for, fend for etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate noun, adjective or verb entry (weakness, eager, apply, fend etc.).

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : for

  • 6 Usage note : let

    When let is used in English with another verb in order to make a suggestion (let’s do it at once), the first person plural - ons of the appropriate verb can generally be used to express this in French: faisons-le tout de suite. (Note that the verb alone translates let us do and no pronoun appears in French.)
    In the spoken language, however, which is the usual context for such suggestions, French speakers will use the much more colloquial on + present tense or si on + imperfect tense:
    let’s do it at once
    = on le fait tout de suite? or si on le faisait tout de suite?
    let’s go to the cinema tonight
    = si on allait au cinéma ce soir?
    let’s go!
    = allons-y! or on y va!
    These translations can also be used for negative suggestions:
    let’s not take or don’t let’s take the bus - let’s walk
    = on ne prend pas le bus, on y va à pied or ne prenons pas le bus, allons-y à pied
    For more examples and particular usages see A1 in the entry let1.
    When let is used in English with another verb to express defiance or a command (just let him try!) French uses the structure que + present subjunctive:
    just let him try!
    = qu’il essaie!
    don’t let me see you here again!
    = que je ne te revoie plus ici!
    For more examples and particular usages see A2 in the entry let1.
    When let is used to mean allow, it is generally translated by the verb laisser. For examples and particular usages see A3 in the entry let1.
    For translations of expressions such as let fly, let loose, let slip etc., consult the entry for the second word (fly, loose, slip etc.).

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : let

  • 7 Usage note : may

    When may (or may have) is used with another verb in English to convey possibility, French will generally use the adverb peut-être ( perhaps) with the equivalent verb:
    it may rain
    = il pleuvra peut-être
    we may never know what happened
    = nous ne saurons peut-être jamais ce qui s’est passé
    he may have got lost
    = il s’est peut-être perdu
    Alternatively, and more formally, the construction il se peut que + subjunctive may be used: il se peut qu’il pleuve ; il se peut que nous ne sachions jamais. For particular usages, see 1 in the entry may1.
    peut-être is also used in French to convey concession:
    he may be slow but he’s not stupid
    = il est peut-être lent mais il n’est pas bête
    you may think I’m crazy but …
    = tu penses peut-être que je suis fou mais…
    When may is used to convey permission, the French equivalent is pouvoir:
    you may close the door
    = vous pouvez fermer la porte
    Note that the polite question may I…? is translated by puis-je…?:
    may I make a suggestion?
    = puis-je faire une suggestion?
    For particular usages, see 2 in the entry may1.
    When may is used in rather formal English to convey purpose in the construction in order that + may, the French equivalent is pour que + subjunctive:
    in order that he may know
    = pour qu’il sache
    When may is used with another verb to express a wish, the French uses que + subjunctive:
    may they be happy!
    = qu’ils soient heureux!
    long may it last!
    = que ça dure!
    When may well + verb is used to convey likelihood, the French uses il est fort possible que + subjunctive:
    he may well have gone elsewhere
    = il est fort possible qu’il soit allé ailleurs
    But note:
    that may well be but…
    = c’est possible mais…
    In the phrase may as well, may is used interchangeably with might, which is more frequently used. For translations see the entry might1.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : may

  • 8 Usage note : lot

    When a lot is used as a pronoun (they buy a lot, he spends a lot), it is translated by beaucoup: ils achètent beaucoup, il dépense beaucoup. For particular usages, see A1 in the entry lot1.
    When a lot is used to mean much in negative expressions (they didn’t have a lot) it is translated by pas grand-chose: ils n’avaient pas grand-chose. For particular usages, see A1 in the entry lot1.
    When the lot is used as a pronoun ( they took the lot), it is usually translated by tout: ils ont tout pris. For particular usages, see A2 in the entry lot1.
    When a lot of is used as a quantifier ( a lot of money) it is translated by beaucoup de. For particular usages, see B1 in the entry lot1.
    For translations of lots of, see C in the entry lot1.
    When a lot is used as an adverb (a lot stronger, he’s changed a lot) it is translated by beaucoup: beaucoup plus fort, il a beaucoup changé. For particular usages, see E in the entry lot.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : lot

  • 9 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

  • 10 Usage note : go

    go as a simple intransitive verb is translated by aller:
    we’re going to Paris
    = nous allons à Paris
    where are you going?
    = où vas-tu?
    Sasha went to London last week
    = Sasha est allée à Londres la semaine dernière
    Note that aller conjugates with être in compound tenses. For the conjugation of aller see the French verb tables. For more examples and particular usages see the entry go. The verb go produces a great many phrasal verbs in English (go up, go down, go out, go back etc.). Many of these are translated by a single verb in French (monter, descendre, sortir, retourner etc.). The phrasal verbs are listed separately at the end of the entry go.
    As an auxiliary verb
    When go is used as an auxiliary to show intention, it is also translated by aller:
    I’m going to buy a car tomorrow
    = je vais acheter une voiture demain
    I was going to talk to you about it
    = j’allais t’en parler
    he’s not going to ask for a rise
    = il ne va pas demander d’augmentation
    For more examples and particular usages see A23 in the entry go.
    For all other uses see the entry go.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : go

  • 11 Usage note : like

    When like is used as a preposition (like a child, do it like this) it can generally be translated by comme.
    Note however that be like and look like meaning resemble are translated by ressembler à:
    she’s like her father or she looks like her father
    = elle ressemble à son père
    like is used after certain other verbs in English to express particular kinds of resemblance (taste like, feel like, smell like etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry.
    When like is used as a conjunction it is translated by comme:
    songs like my mother sings
    = des chansons comme celles que chante ma mère
    When like is used to introduce an illustrative example ( big cities like London) it can be translated by either comme or tel/telle/tels/ telles que: les grandes villes comme Londres or les grandes villes telles que Londres.
    For particular usages of like as a preposition or conjunction and for noun and adverb uses, see the entry like1.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : like

  • 12 Usage note : since

    In time expressions
    since is used in English after a verb in the present perfect or progressive present perfect tense to indicate when something that is still going on started. To express this French uses a verb in the present tense + depuis:
    I’ve been waiting since Saturday
    = j’attends depuis samedi
    I’ve lived in Rome since 1988
    = j’habite à Rome depuis 1988
    When since is used after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the imperfect + depuis:
    I had been waiting since nine o’clock
    = j’attendais depuis neuf heures
    In negative time expressions
    Again since is translated by depuis, but in negative sentences the verb tenses used in French are the same as those used in English:
    I haven’t seen him since Saturday
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis samedi
    I hadn’t seen him since 1978
    = je ne l’avais pas vu depuis 1978
    As a conjunction
    In time expressions
    When since is used as a conjunction, it is translated by depuis que and the tenses used in French parallel exactly those used with the preposition depuis (see above):
    since she’s been living in Oxford
    = depuis qu’elle habite à Oxford
    since he’d been in Paris
    = depuis qu’il était à Paris
    Note that in time expressions with since French native speakers will generally prefer to use a noun where possible when English uses a verb:
    I haven’t seen him since he left
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis son départ
    she’s been living in Nice since she got married
    = elle habite à Nice depuis son mariage
    For particular usages see the entry since.
    Meaning because
    When since is used to mean because, it is translated by comme or étant donné que:
    since she was ill, she couldn’t go
    = comme elle était malade or étant donné qu’elle était malade, elle ne pouvait pas y aller
    As an adverb
    When since is used as an adverb it is translated by depuis:
    he hasn’t been seen since
    = on ne l’a pas vu depuis
    For particular usages see C in the entry since.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : since

  • 13 Usage note : that

    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede ; that is translated by ce + masculine singular noun ( ce monsieur), cet + masculine singular noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ ( cet homme) and cette + feminine singular noun ( cette femme) ; those is translated by ces.
    Note, however, that the above translations are also used for the English this (plural these). So when it is necessary to insist on that as opposed to another or others of the same sort, the adverbial tag -là is added to the noun:
    I prefer THAT version
    = je préfère cette version-là
    For particular usages, see the entry that.
    As a pronoun meaning that one, those ones
    In French, pronouns reflect the gender and number of the noun they are referring to. So that is translated by celui-là for a masculine noun, celle-là for a feminine noun and those is translated by ceux-là for a masculine noun and celles-là for a feminine noun:
    I think I like that one (dress) best
    = je crois que je préfère celle-là
    For other uses of that, those as pronouns (e.g. who’s that?) and for adverbial use (e.g. that much, that many) there is no straightforward translation, so see the entry that for examples of usage.
    When used as a relative pronoun, that is translated by qui when it is the subject of the verb and by que when it is the object:
    the man that stole the car
    = l’homme qui a volé la voiture
    the film that I saw
    = le film que j’ai vu
    Remember that in the present perfect and past perfect tenses, the past participle will agree
    with the noun to which que as object refers:
    the apples that I bought
    = les pommes que j’ai achetées
    When that is used as a relative pronoun with a preposition, it is translated by lequel when standing for a masculine singular noun, by laquelle when standing for a feminine singular noun, by lesquels when standing for a masculine plural noun and by lesquelles when standing for a feminine plural noun:
    the chair that I was sitting on
    = la chaise sur laquelle j’étais assise
    the children that I bought the books for
    = les enfants pour lesquels j’ai acheté les livres
    Remember that in cases where the English preposition used would normally be translated by à in French (e.g. to, at), the translation of the whole (prep + rel pron) will be auquel, à laquelle, auxquels, auxquelles:
    the girls that I was talking to
    = les filles auxquelles je parlais
    Similarly, where the English preposition used would normally be translated by de in French (e.g. of, from), the translation of the whole (prep + rel pron) will be dont in all cases:
    the Frenchman that I received a letter from
    = le Français dont j’ai reçu une lettre
    When used as a conjunction, that can almost always be translated by que (qu’ before a vowel or mute ‘h’):
    she said that she would do it
    = elle a dit qu’elle le ferait
    In certain verbal constructions, que is followed by a subjunctive in French. If you are in doubt about the construction to use, consult the appropriate verb entry. For particular usages see the entry that.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : that

  • 14 Usage note : before

    When before is used as a preposition in expressions of time or order of sequence or importance, it is translated by avant:
    before the meeting
    = avant la réunion
    she left before me
    = elle est partie avant moi
    For more examples and particular usages, see A1, 2, 3 in the entry before.
    When before is used as a preposition meaning in front of (when you are talking about physical space) or in the presence of, it is translated by devant:
    before our eyes
    = devant nos yeux
    he declared before his mother that …
    = il a déclaré devant sa mère que …
    When before is used as an adjective after a noun, it is translated by précédent/-e:
    the time before
    = la fois précédente
    the one before is translated by le précédent or la précédente:
    no, I’m not talking about that meeting but the one before
    = non, je ne parle pas de cette réunion-là mais de la précédente
    For particular usages see B in the entry before.
    When before is used as an adverb meaning beforehand, it is translated by avant in statements about the present or future:
    I’ll try to talk to her before
    = j’essaierai de lui en parler avant
    you could have told me before
    = tu aurais pu me le dire avant
    When before means previously in statements about the past, it is translated by auparavant:
    I had met her two or three times before
    = je l’avais rencontrée deux ou trois fois auparavant
    When before means already it is translated by déjà:
    I’ve met her before
    = je l’ai déjà rencontrée
    you’ve asked me that question before
    = tu m’as déjà posé cette question
    In negative sentences before is often used in English simply to reinforce the negative. In such cases it is not translated at all:
    I’d never eaten snails before
    = je n’avais jamais mangé d’escargots
    you’ve never told me that before
    = tu ne m’as jamais dit ça
    For particular usages see C in the entry before.
    When before is used as a conjunction, it is translated by avant de + infinitive where the two verbs have the same subject:
    before he saw her he recognized her voice
    = il a reconnu sa voix avant de la voir
    before I cook dinner I’m going to phone my mother
    = avant de préparer le dîner je vais appeler ma mère
    Where the two verbs have different subjects, the translation is avant que + subjunctive:
    Tom wants to see her before she leaves
    = Tom veut la voir avant qu’elle parte
    Some speakers and writers add ne before the verb: Tom veut la voir avant qu’elle ne parte, but this is simply a slightly precious effect of style and is never obligatory. For particular usages see D in the entry before.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : before

  • 15 Usage note : them

    When used as a direct object pronoun, referring to people, animals or things, them is translated by les:
    I know them
    = je les connais
    Note that the object pronoun normally
    comes before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the direct object pronoun:
    He’s seen them
    ( them being masculine or of mixed gender)
    = il les a vus
    ( them being all feminine gender)
    = il les a vues
    In imperatives, the direct object pronoun is translated by les and comes after the verb:
    catch them!
    = attrape-les! (note the hyphen)
    When used as an indirect object pronoun, them is translated by leur:
    I gave them it or I gave it to them
    = je le leur ai donné
    In imperatives, the indirect object pronoun is translated by leur and comes after the verb:
    phone them!
    = téléphone-leur! (note the hyphen)
    After prepositions and the verb to be, the translation is eux for masculine or mixed gender and elles for feminine gender:
    he did it for them
    = il l’a fait pour eux or pour elles
    it’s them
    = ce sont eux or ce sont elles
    For particular usages see the entry them.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : them

  • 16 Usage note : all

    When all is used to mean everything, it is translated by tout:
    is that all?
    = c’est tout?
    all is well
    = tout va bien
    When all is followed by a that clause, all that is translated by tout ce qui when it is the subject of the verb and tout ce que when it is the object:
    all that remains to be done
    = tout ce qui reste à faire
    that was all (that) he said
    = c’est tout ce qu’il a dit
    after all (that) we’ve done
    = après tout ce que nous avons fait
    we’re doing all (that) we can
    = nous faisons tout ce que nous pouvons
    all that you need
    = tout ce dont tu as besoin
    When all is used to refer to a specified group of people or objects, the translation reflects the number and gender of the people or objects referred to ; tous is used for a group of people or objects of masculine or mixed or unspecified gender and toutes for a group of feminine gender:
    we were all delighted
    = nous étions tous ravis
    ‘where are the cups?’ ‘they’re all in the kitchen’
    = ‘où sont les tasses?’ ‘elles sont toutes dans la cuisine’
    For more examples and particular usages see the entry all.
    As a determiner
    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede. So all is translated by tout + masculine singular noun:
    all the time
    = tout le temps
    by toute + feminine singular noun:
    all the family
    = toute la famille
    by tous + masculine or mixed gender plural noun:
    all men
    = tous les hommes
    all the books
    = tous les livres
    and by toutes + feminine plural noun:
    all women
    = toutes les femmes
    all the chairs
    = toutes les chaises
    For more examples and particular usages see the entry all.
    As an adverb
    When all is used as an adverb meaning completely it is generally translated by tout:
    my coat’s all dirty
    = mon manteau est tout sale
    he was all alone
    = il était tout seul
    they were all alone
    = ils étaient tout seuls
    the girls were all excited
    = les filles étaient tout excitées
    However, when the adjective that follows is in the feminine and begins with a consonant the translation is toute/toutes:
    she was all alone
    = elle était toute seule
    the bill is all wrong
    = la facture est toute fausse
    the girls were all alone
    = les filles étaient toutes seules
    For more examples and particular usages see the entry all.
    Phrases such as all along, all but, at all, for all and of all are each treated separately in the entry all.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : all

  • 17 Usage note : less

    When less is used as a quantifier ( less money) it is translated by moins de: moins d’argent. For examples and particular usages, see A in the entry less.
    When less is used as a pronoun ( you should have taken less), it is translated by moins: tu aurais dû en prendre moins.
    less than is usually translated by moins que and even less by encore moins. For examples and particular usages of these see B in the entry less.
    When less is used as an adverb followed by a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (to eat less, less interesting, less often) it is translated by moins: manger moins, moins intéressant, moins souvent. For examples and particular usages see C in the entry less.
    For less used as a preposition (less 10%) see D in the entry less.
    For the phrase less and less see E in the entry less.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : less

  • 18 Usage note : as

    When as is used as a preposition or a conjunction to mean like it is translated
    by comme:
    dressed as a sailor
    = habillé comme un marin
    as usual
    = comme d’habitude
    as often happens
    = comme c’est souvent le cas
    As a conjunction in time expressions, meaning when or while, as is translated by comme:
    as she was coming down the stairs
    = comme elle descendait l’escalier
    However, where a gradual process is involved, as is translated by au fur et à mesure que:
    as the day went on, he became more anxious
    = au fur et à mesure que la journée avançait il devenait plus inquiet
    As a conjunction meaning because, as is translated by comme or puisque:
    as he is ill, he can’t go out
    = comme il est malade or puisqu’il est malade, il ne peut pas sortir
    When used as an adverb in comparisons, as…as is translated by aussi…que:
    he is as intelligent as his brother
    = il est aussi intelligent que son frère
    But see category J in the entry as for as much
    as and as many as.
    Note also the standard translation used for fixed similes:
    as strong as an ox
    = fort comme un bœuf
    as rich as Croesus
    = riche comme Crésus
    Such similes often have a cultural equivalent rather than a direct translation. To find translations for English similes, consult the entry for the second element.
    When as is used as a preposition to indicate a person’s profession or position, it is translated by comme:
    he works as an engineer
    = il travaille comme ingénieur
    Note that the article a/an is not translated.
    When as is used with a preposition to mean in my/his capacity as, it is translated by en tant que:
    as a teacher I believe that…
    = en tant qu’enseignant je crois que…
    For more examples, particular usages and phrases like as for, as from, as to etc. see the entry as.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : as

  • 19 Usage note : you

    In English you is used to address everybody, whereas French has two forms: tu and vous. The usual word to use when you are speaking to anyone you do not know very well is vous. This is sometimes called the polite form and is used for the subject, object, indirect object and emphatic pronoun:
    would you like some coffee?
    = voulez-vous du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux vous aider?
    what can I do for you?
    = qu’est-ce que je peux faire pour vous?
    The more informal pronoun tu is used between close friends and family members, within groups of children and young people, by adults when talking to children and always when talking to animals ; tu is the subject form, the direct and indirect object form is te (t’ before a vowel) and the form for emphatic use or use after a preposition is toi:
    would you like some coffee?
    = veux-tu du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux t’aider?
    there’s a letter for you
    = il y a une lettre pour toi
    As a general rule, when talking to a French person use vous, wait to see how they address you and follow suit. It is safer to wait for the French person to suggest using tu. The suggestion will usually be phrased as on se tutoie? or on peut se tutoyer?
    Note that tu is only a singular pronoun and vous is the plural form of tu.
    Remember that in French the object and indirect object pronouns are always placed before the verb:
    she knows you
    = elle vous connaît or elle te connaît
    In compound tenses like the present perfect and the past perfect, the past participle agrees in number and gender with the direct object:
    I saw you on Saturday
    (to one male: polite form)
    = je vous ai vu samedi
    (to one female: polite form)
    = je vous ai vue samedi
    (to one male: informal form)
    = je t’ai vu samedi
    (to one female: informal form)
    = je t’ai vue samedi
    (to two or more people, male or mixed)
    = je vous ai vus samedi
    (to two or more females)
    = je vous ai vues samedi
    When you is used impersonally as the more informal form of one, it is translated by on for the subject form and by vous or te for the object form, depending on whether the comment is being made amongst friends or in a more formal context:
    you can do as you like here
    = on peut faire ce qu’on veut ici
    these mushrooms can make you ill
    = ces champignons peuvent vous rendre malade or ces champignons peuvent te rendre malade
    you could easily lose your bag here
    = on pourrait facilement perdre son sac ici
    Note that your used with on is translated by son/sa/ses according to the gender and number of the noun that follows.
    For verb forms with vous, tu and on see the French verb tables.
    For particular usages see the entry you.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : you

  • 20 Usage note : have

    When used as an auxiliary in present perfect, future perfect and past perfect tenses, have is normally translated by avoir:
    I have seen
    = j’ai vu
    I had seen
    = j’avais vu
    However, some verbs in French, especially verbs of movement and change of state (e.g. aller, venir, descendre, mourir), take être rather than avoir in these tenses:
    he has left
    = il est parti
    In this case, remember the past participle agrees with the subject of the verb:
    she has gone
    = elle est allée
    Reflexive verbs (e.g. se lever, se coucher) always conjugate with être:
    she has fainted
    = elle s’est évanouie
    For translations of time expressions using for or since (he has been in London for six months, he has been in London since June), see the entries for and since.
    For translations of time expressions using just (I have just finished my essay, he has just gone), see the entry just1.
    to have to meaning must is translated by either devoir or the impersonal construction il faut que + subjunctive:
    I have to leave now
    = il faut que je parte maintenant or je dois partir maintenant
    In negative sentences, not to have to is generally translated by ne pas être obligé de e.g.
    you don’t have to go
    = tu n’es pas obligé d’y aller
    For examples and particular usages see the entry have.
    When have is used as a straightforward transitive verb meaning possess, have (or have got) can generally be translated by avoir, e.g.
    I have (got) a car
    = j’ai une voiture
    she has a good memory
    = elle a une bonne mémoire
    they have (got) problems
    = ils ont des problèmes
    For examples and particular usages see entry ; see also got.
    have is also used with certain noun objects where the whole expression is equivalent to a verb:
    to have dinner = to dine
    to have a try = to try
    to have a walk = to walk
    In such cases the phrase is very often translated by the equivalent verb in French (dîner, essayer, se promener). For translations consult the appropriate noun entry (dinner, try, walk).
    had is used in English at the beginning of a clause to replace an expression with if. Such expressions are generally translated by si + past perfect tense, e.g.
    had I taken the train, this would never have happened
    = si j’avais pris le train, ce ne serait jamais arrivé
    had there been a fire, we would all have been killed
    = s’il y avait eu un incendie, nous serions tous morts
    For examples of the above and all other uses of have see the entry.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : have

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